Portal:Technology and applied sciences.html |
| | | ca | | | de | | | en | | | es | | | fr | | | it | | | nl | | | no | | | pl | | | pt | | | ru | | | ro | | | fi | | | sv | | | tr | | | vo | | |
| |  |
Culture · Geography · Health · History · Mathematics · Natural sciences · Philosophy · Religion · Society · Technology
Sometimes the term solar cell is reserved for devices intended specifically to capture energy from sunlight, while the term photovoltaic cell is used when the source is unspecified.
Assemblies of cells are used to make solar modules, which may in turn be linked in photovoltaic arrays.
Solar cells have many applications. Individual cells are used for powering small devices such as electronic calculators. Photovoltaic arrays generate a form of renewable electricity, particularly useful in situations where electrical power from the grid is unavailable such as in remote area power systems, Earth-orbiting satellites and space probes, remote radiotelephones and water pumping applications. Photovoltaic electricity is also increasingly deployed in grid-tied electrical systems.
Similar devices intended to capture energy radiated from other sources include thermophotovoltaic cells, betavoltaics cells, and optoelectric nuclear battery.
At the beginning of the Apollo program Kraft retired as a flight director in order to concentrate on management and mission planning. In 1972 he became director of the Manned Spacecraft Center (later Johnson Space Center), following in the footsteps of his mentor Robert Gilruth. He held the position until his retirement from NASA in 1982. During his retirement, Kraft has consulted for numerous companies including IBM and Rockwell International, and he published an autobiography entitled Flight: My Life in Mission Control.
- ... that a mercury arc rectifier converts alternating current to direct current by means of an electric arc through mercury?
- ... that only one of the 266 1076 Class steam locomotives built for the Great Western Railway was named, and the rest had only numbers?
- ... that the six Charles Tayleur locomotives ordered by Isambard Kingdom Brunel for the Great Western Railway were unsuccessful?
- ... that the intensity of a tropical cyclone (pictured) is usually determined by the Dvorak technique using only visible and infrared satellite images?
- ... that the technique of double-balloon enteroscopy allows any position along the gastrointestinal tract to be visualized in real-time?
- ... that ANTARES, a neutrino telescope under construction in the Mediterranean Sea, will find neutrinos from outer space by looking downward, into the Earth?
- ... that KATRIN is an experiment to determine the mass of the neutrino by measuring the energies of electrons given off from the beta decay of tritium?
- ... that forensic electrical engineering is a branch of forensic engineering whose primary role is to investigate whether a fire was caused by the failure of an electrical appliance?
- Main categories: Technology and Applied sciences
Agriculture & Agronomy • Architecture • Artificial intelligence • Automation • Biotechnology • Blu-ray • Cartography • Chemical engineering • Communication (Media studies • Telecommunications) • Construction • Design • Digital divide • Electronics • Energy • Ergonomics • Firefighting • Forensics • Forestry • Industry • Information science • Information technology • Internet • Management • Manufacturing • Marketing • Medicine (Unsolved problems in neuroscience) • Metalworking • Microtechnology • Military science • Mining • Nanotechnology • Nuclear technology • Nutrition • Optics • Plumbing • Robotics • Sound technology • Space exploration • Technology forecasting • Tools
Computing: Classes of computers • Companies • Computer architecture • Computer model • Computer science • Computer security • Computing and society • Data • Embedded systems • Free software • Human-computer interaction • Information systems • Internet • Languages • Multimedia • Networks • Industrial Networks • Operating systems • Platforms • Product lifecycle management • Programming • Real-time computing • Software • Software engineering • Unsolved problems in computer science • More...
Electronics: Avionics • RF & MMIC Design • Circuits • Companies • Connectors • Consumer electronics • Digital electronics • Digital media • Electrical components • Electronic design • Electronics manufacturing • Embedded systems • Integrated circuits • Microwave technology • Molecular electronics • Water technology • Optoelectronics • Quantum electronics • RFID • Radio electronics • Semiconductors • Signal cables • Surveillance • Telecommunications • Terminology • More...
Engineering: Aerospace engineering • Bioengineering • Chemical engineering • Civil engineering • Electrical engineering • Environmental engineering • Materials science • Mechanical engineering • Nuclear technology • Software engineering • Structural engineering
Transportation: By country • Automobiles • Aviation • Cycling • Public transport • Rail transport • Road transport • Shipping • Spaceflight • Vehicles • Water transport
Technological concepts and issues • Appropriate technology • Diffusion of innovations • Doomsday device • Externality • High technology • History of science and technology • History of technology • Industry • Innovation • Knowledge economy • Persuasion technology • Pollution • Posthumanism • Precautionary principle • Research and development • Strategy of technology • Superpowers • Technicism • Technocapitalism • Technocriticism • Techno-progressivism • Technological convergence • Technological evolution • Technological determinism • Technological diffusion • Technological singularity • Technology acceptance model • Technology assessment • Technology lifecycle • Technology transfer • Technology Tree • Technorealism • Timeline of invention • Transhumanism
Technologies and applied sciences • Aerospace • Agriculture, agricultural science, & agronomy • Architecture • Artificial intelligence • Automation • Automobile • Big Science • Biotechnology • Cartography • Chemical engineering • Communication • Computer science (Computing, Programming, Software engineering, List of open problems in computer science) • Construction • Dentistry • Design • Education • Electronics • Energy development • Energy storage • Engineering • Ergonomics • Family and consumer science • Firefighting • Forensics • Forestry • Free software • Health sciences • Health • Industry • Information science • Information technology • Internet • Library and information science • Machines • Management • Manufacturing • Marketing • Mass communication • Mass production • Medicine (Unsolved problems in neuroscience) • Military science • Military technology and equipment • Mining • Nanotechnology • Nuclear technology • Nutrition • Processes • Robotics • Space exploration • Technology forecasting • Telecommunications • Tools • Transport (By country) • Vehicles • Weapons
- Main outlines: List of basic science topics and List of basic technology topics.
Aerospace • Agriculture • Architecture • Artificial intelligence • Automation • Automobile • Big Science • Biotechnology • Cartography • Chemical engineering • Communication • Computer science (Information technology, Internet, Programming, Software engineering) • Construction • Dentistry • Design • Education • Energy development • Energy storage • Engineering • Ergonomics • Family and consumer science • Firefighting • Forensics • Forestry • Free software • Health sciences • Health • Industry • Information technology • Internet • Library and information science • Machines • Management • Manufacturing • Marketing • Military • Mining • Nanotechology • Nuclear technology • Nutrition • Radio • Robotics • Space exploration • Telecommunication (Internet) • Transport • Vehicles
Technologies • Materials technology • Microscope technology
Agriculture • Herbs and spices • Organic gardening and farming • Sustainable agriculture
- Buildings and structures • Irish buildings • Historic civil engineering landmarks
Computing and the Internet • AMD microprocessors • software bugs • computing and IT abbreviations • GNU packages • Graphics file formats • IBM products • Internet slang • Internet topics • Internet top-level domains • Intel chipsets • Intel microprocessors • machines running CP/M • microcomputers • newsgroups • open source software packages • operating systems • screen readers (assistive technology for blind people) • UNIVAC products • Unixes • Unix programs • wikis • Timeline of computing • Timeline of hacker history • digital library projects
Computer science • Algorithms • data structures • information technology management topics • important publications in computer science • open problems in computer science • software engineering topics • terms relating to algorithms and data structures
- Character sets and encodings: ASCII • EBCDIC • ISO 646 • ISO 8859-1 • ISO 8859-2 • ISO 8859-3 • ISO 8859-8 • ISO 8859-11 • ISO 8859-15 • Unicode • UTF-7 • UTF-8 • UTF-16 • UTF-32 • Windows-1252
- Programming languages • Alphabetical list • Categorical list • Chronological list • Generational list
Engineering • engineering fields
Medical technology: (see Health and fitness above)
- Air forces of the world
- Military air bases: Royal Air Force • Royal Canadian Air Force • United States Air Force • United States Army • United States Coast Guard • United States Marine Corps • United States Navy
- Air force commands: Royal Air Force • USAAF NAF Component Commands
- Aircraft groups: Royal Air Force
- Aircraft squadrons: British Army Air Corps • British Fleet Air Arm • Royal Air Force • United States Air Force • United States Army • United States Marine Corps • United States Navy
- Aircraft "wings": Royal Navy aircraft wings • United States Navy aircraft wings
- Armies of the world
- Navies of the world: • fleets
- Military groups in WWI and WWII
- Australia: Australian divisions in WWI • WWII
- Britain: British Army Groups in WWII • British armies in WWI • WWII • British corps in WWI • British divisions in WWI • WWII
- Canada: Canadian divisions in WWII
- Germany: Prisoner of War Camps in WWII
- India: Indian corps in WWII • Indian divisions in WWII
- Poland: Polish divisions in WWII
- United States of America: American Army Groups in WWII
- Terrorists of the world: terrorist groups • terrorist incidents
- Military bases: military bases
- Military events: battles • guerrilla movements • invasions • military missions, operations, and projects • terrorist incidents • wars
- Martial arts: : List of martial arts • : List of martial arts weapons
- Weapons and miscellaneous topics
-
- Military technology and equipment • weapons • World War II weapons • missiles • armoured fighting vehicles • NATO reporting names • Swords
- List of artillery • List of artillery by country • List of World War II artillery
- Military aircraft: Luftwaffe • Soviet Union and CIS • USA • British Army Air Corps • Royal Air Force • Fleet Air Arm • Israeli Air Force • Royal Australian Air Force • Royal Australian Navy • Royal Canadian Air Force • Royal Canadian Navy • Royal New Zealand Air Force and Royal New Zealand Navy • South African Air Force • Irish Air Corps • Armée de l'Air • aircraft weapons • NATO reporting names for miscellaneous aircraft • NATO reporting names for transport aircraft
- Military technology and equipment • weapons • World War II weapons • missiles • armoured fighting vehicles • NATO reporting names • Swords
- Naval technology
- Ships
- By era/war: World War II
- By type: Aircraft Carriers • Battleships • Cruisers • Destroyers • LSTs
- By operator: Royal Australian Navy • Canadian Forces • Germany • Indian Navy • Japan • Netherlands • Royal Navy (United Kingdom) • Royal Fleet Auxiliary (United Kingdom) • United States Navy • Military Sealift Command (USA) • Soviet Union
- Ships
Space exploration • Unmanned space missions • Human spaceflight • human spaceflights • space disasters • human spaceflights by program • astronauts by name • Timeline of astronauts by nationality
Transportation • transport museums
- List of aviation topics • • Aircraft • Manufacturers • Engines • Engine manufacturers • Weapons • By date and use
-
- Aviation accidents • By airline • By location • By year
- Land transport
- Automobiles • Manufacturers • List of truck types
- List of convoy codes
- Cycles: bicycle parts
- Rail transport
- Road systems
- Nautical / Shipping technology: ships • fictional ships • sailboat types • Marinas
- Space transport: spacecraft
Air pollution dispersion terminology • Blogging • Broadcasting • Computing and IT
(Alternative terms for free software • Computer • Internet • Legal terms • Object-oriented programming • Unified Modeling Language) • Firefighting (Equipment • Wildland fires) • Library and information science • Machine vision • Metalworking terminology • Mill machinery • Mobile phones • Nautical • Telephony • Textile manufacturing • Transport (Aviation, aerospace, and aeronautics • Automotive design • Rail (Passenger rail (NZ railfan • UK railfan • U.S. railfan))) • Woodworking (Joinery) • Winemaking
Technology and applied sciences
- Agronomy • Architecture (Bridges, Portal) • Artificial intelligence • Biotechnology • Electronics • Energy • Engineering • Hazardous Materials • Home improvement • Nanotechnology • Nuclear technology • Robotics
- Transport
- Aviation • Cars (Australian, Ferrari, Japanese) • Cycling • London transport • Nautical • Roads (U.S. Roads) • Spaceflight (Space tourism) • Trains (Rapid transit, UK Railways, UK Trams)
Science: 
History of science 
Philosophy of science 
Scientific method 
Systems science 
Mathematics 
Biology 
Chemistry 
Physics 
Earth sciences 
Technology and applied sciences
Wikiprojects:
Expand stubs:
- Technology: Computer · Cryptography · Electronics · Engineer · Optics · Robotics · Telecommunications · Wireless
Requested articles:
